engineering reference

library

permanent reference documents. not a blog — no opinions, no expiration dates.

13 articles

fitment

bolt patterns explained: the ev fitment foundation

a complete guide to bolt patterns across 209 electric vehicles, covering the dominant 5x114.3 and 5x112 patterns that fit 71% of all EVs on the road.

read →

02 hub-centric rings explained: why your ev needs them 03 lug torque specs for electric vehicles: the complete reference 04 wheel offset and scrub radius: the handling spec ev owners overlook

engineering

forged vs. flow-formed vs. cast wheels: what actually matters for evs

an engineering comparison of the three wheel manufacturing methods, with ev-specific analysis of weight, strength, cost, and which construction best handles the unique demands of electric vehicles.

read →

06 how flow forming works: the manufacturing process behind ev-optimized wheels 07 how wheel weight affects ev range: the math nobody shows you 08 wheel aerodynamics and ev range: what your spoke design actually costs you 09 wheel load ratings for evs: the spec that can't be fudged

maintenance

brake dust on ev wheels: why your wheels stay cleaner and what's left

the science behind reduced brake dust on electric vehicles, what residual dust evs do produce, and how regen braking changes wheel maintenance for the 209 evs in our database.

read →

11 tpms and aftermarket ev wheels: sensors, programming, and what actually works 12 wheel finish types: durability, maintenance, and what works on evs 13 winter wheels for evs: the complete setup guide